Plumbing is a crucial area for the proper functioning of part of your home. Whether it's installing a new network or repairing a leak, knowing the different types of plumbing fittings is a big plus for ensuring a correct and tight connection of the pipes. In this article, we will take the time to examine the main types of plumbing fittings and provide you with the key information to choose the one that suits your needs.
Mechanical fittings
These types of fittings involve the use of an external tool to assemble two parts together. They are commonly used in domestic and industrial plumbing installations.
Threaded fittings
They rely on the thread base principle to connect the pipes together. Threaded fittings are simple to use and offer a secure and tight connection. However, care must be taken during their installation because excessive tightening can cause deformation or damage to the pipes.
- Male-female fittings: The male fitting is screwed into the female fitting to create a tight connection.
- Union fittings: They are composed of two pieces with male and female threads. They allow for easy disassembly of the pipes without the need for cuts.
Compression fittings
They use a compression ring (collar), which is compressed around the plastic or copper pipe to ensure tightness. These fittings are particularly suitable for plumbing repairs because there is no need to solder or glue the pipes together, which makes installation and disassembly easier.
Welded fittings
This type of fitting uses heat to partially melt the two pieces, creating a tight bond between them after cooling. The main welding methods used in plumbing are soft soldering and hard soldering.
Soft soldering
Also known as soldering with tin, this technique uses an alloy consisting mainly of tin to assemble the metal parts. The working temperature is generally between 200°C and 300°C. Soft soldering is mainly used for small diameter pipes, such as those made of copper for drinking water and natural gas.
Hard soldering
Hard soldering, also called silver soldering, requires higher temperatures than those used in soft soldering (about 600°C to 800°C). This method is mainly used for large diameter metal pipes, such as those used in industrial installations or hot water networks. The bonded parts remain strong even at high temperatures and under significant mechanical loads.
Glue fittings
This category includes fittings that are assembled using a specific adhesive or glue to ensure tightness. They are generally used with synthetic materials such as PVC, CPVC, or ABS.
Socket fittings
They consist of two parts that fit into each other, in the manner of a "T" or "Y". The female piece is widened to receive the male piece, which is then held in place by an adhesive regularly distributed between the contact surfaces. This process ensures a perfect seal and a strong connection when done correctly.
Welded fittings
They work on the same principle as socket fittings but require a heating tool to slightly melt the surface of the pipes before assembly. Once cooled, the parts form a tight and resistant joint. Welded fittings offer a more durable connection than socket fittings and are commonly used for large diameter PVC pipes.
Instant fittings or "push-fit"
These revolutionary fittings allow for quick and tool-free assembly between pipes. They consist of a plastic or brass body, equipped with an internal stainless steel ring that holds the pipe in place with specially designed teeth. The connection is tight thanks to an O-ring located inside the fitting.
Remember that some plumbing fittings also require sealing rings to ensure a tight connection. Always check the product specifications before installation to ensure the longevity and efficiency of your plumbing network.
