The daily use of taps is a given in our lives, but most of us have no idea how they work or what their parts are. In this article, we will look at the different parts of a tap to better understand how they function and to make their upkeep or repair easier.
The main parts of a tap
A tap is made up of several essential elements that allow it to work properly and regulate the flow and temperature of the water. The main parts of a tap are:
- The body: This is the main part of the tap, usually made of metal (brass, bronze, or stainless steel). The body includes the base on which the tap rests, as well as the areas where the other parts of the tap are attached.
- The cartridge or mechanism: Located inside the body, the cartridge is responsible for controlling the flow and temperature of the water. Cartridge systems can be of different types, such as ceramic disc cartridges or valve mechanisms.
- The spout: This is the part through which water flows when the tap is opened. The shape and size of the spout vary according to the tap models and can influence the pressure and flow of the water.
- The lever or control button: It is used to operate the tap by opening or closing the cartridge. Levers can be simple, double (for mixer taps), or even touch-sensitive for the most modern models.
- The connection hoses: They allow the tap to be connected to the hot and cold water supply. The hoses are usually made of rubber or braided stainless steel.
- The sealing rings: These are pieces made of rubber or silicone that ensure the seal between the different parts of the tap to prevent water leaks.
Cartridge systems and how they work
The heart of the tap is its cartridge, which allows regulation of the flow and temperature of the water. There are several types of cartridges:
- Ceramic disc cartridge: This type of cartridge is the most commonly used in modern taps. Two ceramic discs with holes are placed one on top of the other. When the lever is operated, the discs turn to align or misalign the holes, allowing more or less water to flow.
- Valve mechanism: This is an older mechanism that uses rubber valves mounted on metal rods. By turning the button or lever, the rod pushes or releases the valve, allowing the water passage to open or close.
- Thermostatic cartridge: It is specific to shower or bathtub taps and allows automatic regulation of the water temperature thanks to a heat-sensitive element. Thus, even if the hot water pressure fluctuates, the temperature remains constant.
Different types of taps according to their use
There is a wide variety of tap models depending on their use and design:
- Single tap: It has a single lever or button to control both the flow and temperature of the water. The type of cartridge used in this case is often a ceramic disc cartridge.
- Mixer tap: It has two separate controls for hot and cold water. The user must operate both levers to get the desired temperature. Mixer taps are generally equipped with valve mechanisms.
- Thermostatic mixer tap: This type of tap is specifically designed for showers and bathtubs. It allows precise adjustment of the water temperature thanks to a thermostatic cartridge.
- Built-in tap: In this case, the mechanism and connections are hidden in the wall or worktop. Only the lever and the spout are visible, offering a clean and modern design.
- Retractable tap: This type of tap has a retractable spout, often used for kitchen sinks. This makes it easier to wash large containers.
- Timed tap: Operating on a spring system, it closes automatically after a predetermined time. This type of tap is generally found in public places to save water.
Maintenance and upkeep of the different parts of a tap
To ensure the proper functioning and longevity of a tap, you should carry out regular upkeep. Here are some of our tips:
- Cleaning the spout: A deposit of lime scale can build up around the spout and in its holes, thus hindering the water flow. To fix this, simply use a soft brush and soapy water or white vinegar.
- Replacing the sealing rings: Leaks around the spout or lever can be caused by worn rings. Be sure to check and replace the rings when necessary.
- Upkeep of the cartridge: Depending on the type of cartridge, upkeep may vary. For ceramic disc cartridges, it is advised to dismantle and clean them regularly to avoid problems with flow or water temperature. As for valve mechanisms, it is recommended to replace the valves or grease the rods if needed.
